A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: unserialize(): Error at offset 0 of 216 bytes
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 74
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 74
Function: unserialize
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 78
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 79
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 79
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 80
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 80
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 81
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 81
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 82
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 83
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 84
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 84
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 85
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 85
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 86
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 86
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 87
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 87
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 88
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 88
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line Number: 89
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 89
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
Filename: libraries/Main_library.php
Line Number: 66
Backtrace:
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 66
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Research.php
Line: 290
Function: load
File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
"تكامل النخبة والثقة المؤسسية في النرويج" تكامل النخبة والثقة المؤسسية في النرويج "تكامل النخبة والثقة المؤسسية في النرويج"
تناقش الورقة مستوى الثقة المؤسسية بين مجموعات النخبة الوطنية في النرويج وكيف تساهم في تكامل النخبة.
يرتبط تكامل النخبة والثقة المؤسسية في النرويج ارتباطًا وثيقًا. تُظهر النخب في النرويج مستوى عالٍ نسبيًا من الثقة المؤسسية فيما بينها، على الرغم من وجود بعض الاختلاف في الثقة التي تمنحها للمؤسسات المرتبطة بمجموعات النخبة الأخرى [1]. يتأثر هذا الاختلاف بعوامل مثل التوجه الأيديولوجي، والتعرف على وظائف النخب الأخرى، والتواصل الاجتماعي مع أعضاء النخب الأخرى [2]. تتمتع النخب النرويجية، بما في ذلك كبار القادة، بثقة أكبر في المؤسسات السياسية مقارنة بعامة المواطنين [3] [4]. زادت ثقة النخب في المؤسسات السياسية بمرور الوقت، ربما بسبب مشاركتها في النظام المؤسسي لصنع القرار السياسي في النرويج [5]. يلعب التوجه الأيديولوجي والتواصل مع قادة مؤسسات محددة أيضًا دورًا في تحديد مستوى الثقة في تلك المؤسسات بين النخب. بشكل عام، تساهم الشبكة الواسعة من الاتصالات والعلاقات بين النخب في النرويج في ظهور الثقة المتبادلة بين جميع النخب في النظام.
0