A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: unserialize(): Error at offset 0 of 216 bytes

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 74

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 74
Function: unserialize

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 78
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 79

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 79
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 80

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 80
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 81

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 81
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 82
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 83

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 83
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 84

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 84
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 85

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 85
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 86

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 86
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 87

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 87
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 88

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 88
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: inc/geoip-plugin.php

Line Number: 89

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/inc/geoip-plugin.php
Line: 89
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/geolib/Geolib.php
Line: 109
Function: locate

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 65
Function: ip_info

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: libraries/Main_library.php

Line Number: 66

Backtrace:

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/libraries/Main_library.php
Line: 66
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 115
Function: load

File: /home/u472053266/domains/maktabtk.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

توثيق الدراسات السابقة في البحث - موقع مكتبتك

المدونة

توثيق الدراسات السابقة في البحث

2023-10-17 الكاتب : يوسف السديمي مشاهدات : 2033 مره البحث العلمي يقوم على مجموعة من المعايير الأساسية التي تضمن جودته وموضوعته، ومن بين هذه المعايير هو الاستفادة من الدراسات السابقة، وكيفية توثيق الدراسات السابقة في البحث التي تشكل مصدرًا مهمًا للباحث في جمع وتحليل المعلومات، ولكن لا يكفي أن يستخدم الباحث هذه المعلومات دون ذكر مصادرها بطريقة دقيقة ومنظمة، فهناك عدة طرق للتوثيق تختلف باختلاف مجالات البحث والجامعات، وإحدى هذه الطرق هي طريقة APA، سنتطرق في هذا المقال إلى كيفية التوثيق بطريقة APA بشكل مختصر، كما سنشرح أهم خصائص وأسس عملية التوثيق في البحث العلمي بشكل عام.
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